Eradication Program: Animal Identification and Recordkeeping Guide for Sheep and Goats Veterinary Services December 2012
Veterinary Services December 2012
National Scrapie
Eradication Program: Animal Identification and Recordkeeping Guide for
Sheep and Goats
Scrapie is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous
system of sheep and goats. There is no cure or treatment for scrapie.
The National Scrapie Eradication Program, coordinated by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
(APHIS), has reduced the prevalence of scrapie by over 85 percent. To find and
eliminate the last few cases in the United States, the cooperation of sheep and
goat producers throughout the country is needed.
Producers are required to follow Federal and State regulations for
officially identifying their sheep and goats. Producers must also keep herd
records showing what new animals were added and what animals left the
herd/flock. This guide is intended to help producers follow the regulations.
APHIS provides official plastic or metal eartags free of charge to
producers. Producers may request free tags by calling 866-USDA-TAG (873-2824).
In addition, producers may purchase tags directly from approved manufacturers to
fit their needs. See the “Approved Tag Manufacturers” section below for more
information.
Animals Requiring Identification
The following animals* are required by Federal and/or State regulations to
be identified as part of the National Scrapie Eradication Program when they move
in interstate commerce or ownership changes: Sheep
• All sheep, EXCEPT
o Sheep under 18 months of age in slaughter channels
o Castrated sheep under 18 months of age Goats
• All goats, EXCEPT
o Low-risk commercial goats** exempted by the State in which they
reside
o Goats in slaughter channels
o Castrated goats
*For additional details on exemptions to the Federal sheep and goat
identification requirements, review the regulations available at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/
animal_health/animal_diseases/scrapie.
**The definition of a low-risk commercial goat is: a goat that is raised
for fiber and/or meat; is not registered or exhibited; has not been exposed to
sheep; is not scrapie-positive, scrapie-exposed, or high-risk for scrapie; is
not from a scrapie-infected or source herd; and does not reside in California,
Colorado, Illinois, or Michigan.
In addition, intrastate sheep and goat identification requirements vary
from State to State. Some States require additional animals to be officially
identified, while other States exempt certain animals while in intrastate
commerce. For the most current information on each State’s identification and
movement requirements, visit www.eradicatescrapie.org.
Official Identification
Official identification devices, including eartags and injectable
transponders, must be approved by APHIS as being sufficiently tamper-resistant
for the intended use and provide a unique identification number for each
animal.
An owner may substitute tattooing for an official identification device
under certain criteria, which are explained in the “Tattooing” section
below.
Obtaining Official Tags
To request free tags or ask questions, call 1-866-USDA-TAG (873-2824). For
registered herds, please provide the herd’s registration prefix and ask that it
be used as your scrapie flock/herd identification number, along with your postal
abbreviation. Tags may also be purchased directly from approved tag
manufacturers. See below for additional information.
All official National Scrapie Eradication Program identification tags have
the U.S. shield printed on them.
Tips for Tagging
• Sheep and goats only need to be officially identified when leaving the
premises or when being sold to another owner.
• Do not buy animals of any age that may be used for breeding or animals
over 18 months of age for any purpose unless they have official identification
applied.
• If you are selling or buying breeding animals, they need to be officially
identified prior to or at the time of sale.
Official tags may not be sold or given to another person. If you no longer
need the tags, they should be destroyed or returned to APHIS’ Veterinary
Services area office for your State.
Approved Tag Manufacturers
APHIS has approved several companies to manufacture and sell official
devices, including tags and injectable transponders. Producers should consider
the different devices available—including radio frequency identification (RFID)
tags, RFID implants, metal tags, or plastic tags—and choose what works best for
them. To learn more about a company’s devices, please contact the company
directly using the information below:
AllFlex USA – www.allflexusa.com 2805 East 12th Street, P.O. Box 612266
Dallas Fort Worth Airport, TX 75261-2266 Company Representative: Kristi Carrell
Telephone: (972) 456-3686 Fax: (972) 456-3382 Email: kcarrell@allflexusa.com
(Produces RFID tags and plastic Scrapie Flock Certification Program tags)
EZid, LLC – www.EZidAvid.com 4412 West 4th Street Road Greeley, CO 80635
Company Representative: Elsie McCoy Telephone: (970) 351-7701 or (877) 330-3943
Email: sales@EZidAvid.com (Produces RFID Avid Microchip transponder implants)
Hasco Tag Company – www.hascotag.com 1101 2nd Avenue Dayton, KY 41074-0130
Company Representatives: Tom Hass, Linda Girkin, and Cheri Willis Telephone:
(859) 261-6000 Fax: (859) 261-6002 Email: hasco_tags@fuse.net (Produces metal
tags only)
National Band and Tag Company – www.nationalband.com 721 York Street, P.O.
Box 72430 Newport, KY 41072-0430 Company Representative: Kevin Haas Telephone:
(859) 261-2035 Fax: (800) 261-8247 Email: tags@nationalband.com (Produces
regular and Scrapie Flock Certification Program RFID tags only)
Premier Sheep Supplies – www.premier1supplies.com 2031 300th Street
Washington, IA 52353 Company Representative: Stephanie Sexton Telephone: (800)
282-6631 Fax: (800) 346-7992 Email: ssexton@premier1supplies.com (Produces
regular and Scrapie Flock Certification Program plastic tags)
Tattooing Registered animals may be identified with a registration tattoo
instead of a tag, as long as the animal is accompanied by a copy of the
registration certificate listing the current owner. In addition, the flock
identification number assigned by APHIS may be tattooed (along with an
individual animal number) to officially identify sheep or goats that are not
registered. If you have a registered herd prefix, you may request that APHIS
assign it as part of your flock identification number. Owners must ensure the
legibility of tattoos. Owners should also be prepared to assist with the tattoo
reading process, including providing light to assist with reading.
Recordkeeping Records must be kept for 5 years after the animal is sold or
otherwise disposed. Ideally, producers should keep records in an electronic
format, such as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. You must record the following
information:
• official identification number
• breed
• sex
• date official identification was applied
• date acquired
• name/address of previous owner (if applicable)
• date sold
• name/address of buyer
United States Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service • Safeguarding American Agriculture
The official identification number is the complete number on the official
USDA sheep/goat tag, official tattoo, or approved RFID device. If selling a
group of animals that are tagged with sequential numbers, it is acceptable to
list the first and last number in the series, rather than each individual
number.
Additional Information
For additional information about scrapie or the National Scrapie
Eradication Program, please visit the following Web sites:
• USDA Web site – www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_
health/animal_diseases/scrapie
• National Institute for Animal Agriculture Web site –
www.eradicatescrapie.org
• American Sheep Industry Association Web site – www.sheepusa.org
• American Goat Federation Web site – www.americangoatfederation.org
If you have questions or need to contact your local USDA-Veterinary
Services area office or State animal health office, contact information is
available at the following locations:
• Directory of USDA-Veterinary Services area of fices –
www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/ area_offices
• Directory of State animal health officials –
www.usaha.org/portals/6/stateanimalhealth officials.pdf
USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
ALSO, SEE CALIFORNIA AND MICHIGAN FOR THE HIGH SCRAPIE RATE IN GOATS
???
THIS needs to be addressed immediately, as to find the source, route,
cause, from this unusual event...tss
Wednesday, November 28, 2012
Scientific and technical assistance on the provisional results of the study
on genetic resistance to Classical scrapie in goats in Cyprus 1
SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF EFSA
Thursday, March 29, 2012
atypical Nor-98 Scrapie has spread from coast to coast in the USA 2012
NIAA Annual Conference April 11-14, 2011San Antonio, Texas
Wednesday, April 4, 2012
20120402 - Breach of quarantine/Violation de la mise en quarantaine of an
ongoing Scrapie investigation
Thursday, February 23, 2012
Atypical Scrapie NOR-98 confirmed Alberta Canada sheep January 2012
Monday, November 30, 2009
USDA AND OIE COLLABORATE TO EXCLUDE ATYPICAL SCRAPIE NOR-98 ANIMAL HEALTH
CODE
RESEARCH
Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 17, No. 5, May
2011
Experimental Oral Transmission of Atypical Scrapie to Sheep
Marion M. Simmons, S. Jo Moore,1 Timm Konold, Lisa Thurston, Linda A.
Terry, Leigh Thorne, Richard Lockey, Chris Vickery, Stephen A.C. Hawkins,
Melanie J. Chaplin, and John Spiropoulos
To investigate the possibility of oral transmission of atypical scrapie in
sheep and determine the distribution of infectivity in the animals’ peripheral
tissues, we challenged neonatal lambs orally with atypical scrapie; they were
then killed at 12 or 24 months. Screening test results were negative for
disease-specifi c prion protein in all but 2 recipients; they had positive
results for examination of brain, but negative for peripheral tissues.
Infectivity of brain, distal ileum, and spleen from all animals was assessed in
mouse bioassays; positive results were obtained from tissues that had negative
results on screening. These fi ndings demonstrate that atypical scrapie can be
transmitted orally and indicate that it has the potential for natural
transmission and iatrogenic spread through animal feed. Detection of infectivity
in tissues negative by current surveillance methods indicates that diagnostic
sensitivity is suboptimal for atypical scrapie, and potentially infectious
material may be able to pass into the human food chain.
SNIP...
Although we do not have epidemiologic evidence that supports the effi cient
spread of disease in the fi eld, these data imply that disease is potentially
transmissible under fi eld situations and that spread through animal feed may be
possible if the current feed restrictions were to be relaxed. Additionally,
almost no data are available on the potential for atypical scrapie to transmit
to other food animal species, certainly by the oral route. However, work with
transgenic mice has demonstrated the potential susceptibility of pigs, with the
disturbing fi nding that the biochemical properties of the resulting PrPSc have
changed on transmission (40). The implications of this observation for
subsequent transmission and host target range are currently unknown.
How reassuring is this absence of detectable PrPSc from a public health
perspective? The bioassays performed in this study are not titrations, so the
infectious load of the positive gut tissues cannot be quantifi ed, although
infectivity has been shown unequivocally. No experimental data are currently
available on the zoonotic potential of atypical scrapie, either through
experimental challenge of humanized mice or any meaningful epidemiologic
correlation with human forms of TSE. However, the detection of infectivity in
the distal ileum of animals as young as 12 months, in which all the tissues
tested were negative for PrPSc by the currently available screening and confi
rmatory diagnostic tests, indicates that the diagnostic sensitivity of current
surveillance methods is suboptimal for detecting atypical scrapie and that
potentially infectious material may be able to pass into the human food chain
undetected.
Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 17, No. 5, May 2011
Monday, April 25, 2011
Experimental Oral Transmission of Atypical Scrapie to Sheep
Volume 17, Number 5-May 2011
why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $
snip...
5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely
create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for
man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large
enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough.
Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might
be best to retain that hypothesis.
snip...
R. BRADLEY
Friday, February 11, 2011
Atypical/Nor98 Scrapie Infectivity in Sheep Peripheral Tissues
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
IN CONFIDENCE
SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEES
IN CONFIDENCE
Sunday, April 18, 2010
SCRAPIE AND ATYPICAL SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION STUDIES A REVIEW 2010
Monday, April 25, 2011
Experimental Oral Transmission of Atypical Scrapie to Sheep
Volume 17, Number 5-May 2011
Wednesday, January 18, 2012
Selection of Distinct Strain Phenotypes in Mice Infected by Ovine Natural
Scrapie Isolates Similar to CH1641 Experimental Scrapie
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology:
February 2012 - Volume 71 - Issue 2 - p 140–147
Tuesday, February 01, 2011
Sparse PrP-Sc accumulation in the placentas of goats with naturally
acquired scrapie
Research article
>>> In spite of the poorly defined effects of PRNP genetics,
scrapie strain, dose, route and source of infection, the caprine placenta may
represent a source of infection to progeny and herd mates as well as a source of
persistent environmental contamination. <<<
Could this route of infection be the cause of the many cases of Goat
scrapie from the same herd in Michigan USA ?
Has this been investigated ?
(Figure 6) including five goat cases in FY 2008 that originated from the
same herd in Michigan. This is highly unusual for goats, and I strenuously urge
that there should be an independent investigation into finding the common
denominator for these 5 goats in the same herd in Michigan with Scrapie. ...
Kind Regards, Terry
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Increased susceptibility of human-PrP transgenic mice to bovine spongiform
encephalopathy following passage in sheep
Wednesday, January 19, 2011
EFSA and ECDC review scientific evidence on possible links between TSEs in
animals and humans Webnachricht 19 Januar 2011
Monday, June 27, 2011
Comparison of Sheep Nor98 with Human Variably Protease-Sensitive
Prionopathy and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease
Sunday, December 12, 2010
EFSA reviews BSE/TSE infectivity in small ruminant tissues News Story 2
December 2010
Wednesday, January 18, 2012
Selection of Distinct Strain Phenotypes in Mice Infected by Ovine Natural
Scrapie Isolates Similar to CH1641 Experimental Scrapie
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology: February 2012 -
Volume 71 - Issue 2 - p 140–147
Thursday, July 14, 2011
Histopathological Studies of "CH1641-Like" Scrapie Sources Versus Classical
Scrapie and BSE Transmitted to Ovine Transgenic Mice (TgOvPrP4)
Wednesday, January 18, 2012
BSE IN GOATS CAN BE MISTAKEN FOR SCRAPIE
February 1, 2012
Subject: CWD TSE PRION, AND SCRAPIE ?
*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD.
The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr.
Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at
this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had
previously been occupied by sheep.
White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Scrapie by Natural Route of Infection
Jodi D. Smith, Justin J. Greenlee, and Robert A. Kunkle; Virus and Prion
Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS
Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better
understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. Previous
experiments demonstrated that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep-derived
scrapie by intracranial inoculation. The purpose of this study was to determine
susceptibility of white-tailed deer to scrapie after a natural route of
exposure. Deer (n=5) were inoculated by concurrent oral (30 ml) and intranasal
(1 ml) instillation of a 10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate derived from a sheep
clinically affected with scrapie. Non-inoculated deer were maintained as
negative controls. All deer were observed daily for clinical signs. Deer were
euthanized and necropsied when neurologic disease was evident, and tissues were
examined for abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and
western blot (WB). One animal was euthanized 15 months post-inoculation (MPI)
due to an injury. At that time, examination of obex and lymphoid tissues by IHC
was positive, but WB of obex and colliculus were negative. Remaining deer
developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied
from 28 to 33 MPI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by IHC and
WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal
and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and spleen. This work
demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep
scrapie by potential natural routes of inoculation. In-depth analysis of tissues
will be done to determine similarities between scrapie in deer after
intracranial and oral/intranasal inoculation and chronic wasting disease
resulting from similar routes of inoculation.
see full text ;
PO-039:
A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer
Justin Greenlee, Jodi Smith, Eric Nicholson US Dept. Agriculture;
Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center; Ames, IA USA
White-tailed deer are susceptible to the agent of sheep scrapie by
intracerebral inoculation snip... It is unlikely that CWD will be eradicated
from free-ranging cervids, and the disease is likely to continue to spread
geographically [10]. However, the potential that white-tailed deer may be
susceptible to sheep scrapie by a natural route presents an additional
confounding factor to halting the spread of CWD. This leads to the additional
speculations that 1) infected deer could serve as a reservoir to infect sheep
with scrapie offering challenges to scrapie eradication efforts and 2) CWD
spread need not remain geographically confined to current endemic areas, but
could occur anywhere that sheep with scrapie and susceptible cervids cohabitate.
This work demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are susceptible
to sheep scrapie by intracerebral inoculation with a high attack rate and that
the disease that results has similarities to CWD. These experiments will be
repeated with a more natural route of inoculation to determine the likelihood of
the potential transmission of sheep scrapie to white-tailed deer. If scrapie
were to occur in white-tailed deer, results of this study indicate that it would
be detected as a TSE, but may be difficult to differentiate from CWD without
in-depth biochemical analysis.
Sunday, December 2, 2012
CANADA 19 cases of mad cow disease SCENARIO 4: ‘WE HAD OUR CHANCE AND WE
BLEW IT’
Friday, November 23, 2012
sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease update As at 5th November 2012 UK, USA,
AND CANADA
Tuesday, November 6, 2012
Transmission of New Bovine Prion to Mice, Atypical Scrapie, BSE, and
Sporadic CJD, November-December 2012 update
Saturday, October 6, 2012
TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHIES 2011 Annual Report
Tuesday, July 17, 2012
O.I.E. BSE, CWD, SCRAPIE, TSE PRION DISEASE Final Report of the 80th
General Session, 20 - 25 May 2012
RIP MOM DECEMBER 14, 1997 CONFIRMED HEIDENHAIN VARIANT CREUTZFELDT JAKOB
DISEASE
layperson
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
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